Saturday, 17 October 2020

What are some things that mechanical engineers know and others don't?

 Here are some daily life experiences, and their reasons only Mechanical engineering knows

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  1. Drinking with a pierced straw.

It happens many times that, whenever we drink some cold drink with a pierced straw, we feel that we are not able to suck the drink, it doesn't matter hard we are trying only air is coming. This happens because air is rarer (opposite of denser) than cold drink (liquid) so it is easier to suck or lift air in comparison to that cold drink. Hence when we generate suction in straw air due to its less density automatically comes in straw and blocks drink's passage and makes us unable to enjoy the cold drink.

So if you get pierced straw, dip the hole in drink to avoid air suction.

2. Diesel engines don't have SPARK PLUGS.

Yes, you read that right, diesel engines don’t have spark plugs. So how combustion takes place in such engines ???? Here is the answer. The ignition temperature of diesel is quite lower in comparison to petrol. Rudolph diesel (inventor of diesel engine) used this property to create his engine. In the diesel engines during the suction process no fuel enters the cylinder, only air enters. During compression, the air is compressed at very high-pressure ratio due to which air's temperature increases and reaches the ignition temperature of diesel. Then just after compression diesel is injected in the cylinder block and as air posses, the ignition temperature of diesel, injected fuel ignites and hence combustion takes place.

What a beautiful creation of a genius mind, but Rudolph Diesel committed suicide after his invention of diesel engine, in a fear that his invention will not be recognized and hence he failed.

3. Why we sink when we jump in water straight but swims when we move our arms?

Ever wondered why we sink when we stay still in water bodies but start floating when we move our arms ?? The perfect answer is the Archimedes Principle. According to Archimedes Principle “If a body immerses fully or partially in a fluid than it displaces the amount of fluid equals to its own weight (immersed weight).” When we are still in water than the amount of water displayed is equal to our body weight and hence the upward buoyancy force is just equal to body weight, but when we swim we are displacing more water (bodyweight + water displaced by our arms ) so overall upward buoyancy force increases than our downward body weight hence we float.

4. If we open the door of refrigerator and keep it open will it be able to cool the entire room ?

The answer is NO. Because earlier the system for the refrigerator was the inside space of refrigerator and the room was surrounding and the system and surroundings are separated by rigid boundaries (refrigerator body) and also there is no heat interaction of system and surrounding directly. In this scene, heat is removed from the refrigerator (system) rejected in the room (surrounding) hence inside is cool. Now when door kept open the system crossed the boundary and interacted with surrounding here the whole room became system, now refrigerator is taking heat from system (room) adding work to it (compressor work { kind of heat }) and then rejecting it to the system only (room) because system and surrounding are same, so instead of cooling it is actually increasing the room temperature.

Do not try this at home SAVE ELECTRICITY.

5. Why doctors before giving an injection to patients blow some medicine in the air while keeping injection upward ??

Ever wondered why doctors do this every time before injecting someone ??? I will tell you why. The blood circulation in our body is kind of laminar flow (one layer above another layer flow with almost constant and slow velocity) and when doctors fill medicine in injection some air comes along with medicine, so what doctor does, he keep injection vertically upward and injects the air out and only medicine remains in injection. But why he does so? As I told blood flow in our veins is of laminar flow, if any air bubble enters in veins it will create turbulence inflow and get burst in veins which may cause vein rupture. And if the bubble reaches the heart it will burst their it may cause serious injury to the heart and can cause death. Hence to avoid these, doctors do so.

So, do not give an injection to anyone untile YOU ARE A MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL.

6. Difference between Hard and Tough

Many a time we use the words Hard and Tough together or shuffle them with each other, and think that both are synonymous, but this is not the truth. Both words have different meanings.

TOUGH: A material or surface is said to be tough when we apply some force and impact on it, it does not get fracture and absorbs all the impact (applies energy).

Hard: A material is said to be hard when it can resist any indentations (surface penetration), surface abrasion (scratches).

A diamond is hard but not tough, it can bear scratches but cannot bear impacts. It Could be broken into pieces by a hammer.

“Mechanical engineering is just common sense, but common sense is not so common that's why mechanical engineering feels harder …” . . . . . . . . . . - Madhavendra.


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What is the best option for a Mechanical Engineer after a Bachelor’s in Engineering?

 Three Mantras to always keep in mind

-Don’t leave an option straight forward because it is too mediocre. You don’t need to follow others but to follow your heart.
-It's okay if a million other people like you are preparing for an entrance exam, including your friends! If you believe you can crack the exam, trust me YOU CAN.
-Everybody is not born to graduate, do an MBA and get a high paying job. If people like Gandhi, SC Bose and APJ Abdul Kalam thought this way the world would have missed a lot of positive changes. Be the change you want to see in the world.

1. Campus Placement
Already bored of studying? Then getting selected in a decent company visiting your campus seems a good option. If you don’t have any intentions of studying further, or at least immediately after B. Tech, you can opt for a job. This is considered to be a safer option where you get time to decide which field you want to stick to-Technical or you want to shift your core interest area from technical to management to some other stream.

2. Go for an M.Tech degree
If you studied engineering out of passion and not because you were forced by your parents or just for sake of doing it, then 
MTech is a good option. You can opt for the field of study you aspire to expertise in. For this, you need to prepare well for the entrance exams to get into a good college. GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering) is a national exam conducted in India which can fetch you admission in IITs, IISC or NITs and many others.

3. Do an MBA
Don’t feel you are the technical guy your parents wanted you to be? Always felt like you are a manager and want to see yourself in a business suit in some MNC? Probably you have a fascination for MBA too. Don’t get diverted by the thoughts that everyone is doing an MBA right now and its value has decreased. If you want to make a career in the management sector, hold managerial positions, then MBA is the right choice. You may specialize in your area of interest which may be the all time popular fields like HR, Marketing, Sales or the new growing domains like Digital Marketing, International Relations etc. In India, there are various entrance examinations that will help you get into the top 30 MBA colleges. CAT (Common Admission Test) serves as a gateway for an MBA at the IIMs and many other leading institutes. Some other popular exams are XAT (Xaviers), NMAT, SNAP, CMAT, TISS, IRMA etc.

4. Prepare for Civil Services
Always saw yourself as an IAS or IPS officer? Admit it, some day or the other you must have thought about preparing for the Civil Services but left the thought because you felt that it's very tough to crack!
Yes. Indeed it is one of the toughest exams in the world to crack and there lies a huge competition to be a civil servant, but you cannot hold yourself back because of this. Civil Services is not just about cracking an exam and then clearing an interview, it judges you on everything you can think of, who you are and what you stand for!
You need to put your complete focus in addition to lots of determination to prepare for Civil Services Examination. For that you need to - Believe in yourself..

5. Short Term Courses
There are various short term courses and diploma courses you can opt for after your B.Tech. It can be a certificate course in embedded technology, VLSI, robotics, ethical hacking, protocol testing, machine designing etc. or a diploma course in any specific domain.
Such courses are generally job oriented and serve as a bridge between what you know and what the industry expects you to know in order to absorb you into their organization.

6. Entrepreneurship-Start your venture
Do you have dreams of being a job provider? Always wanted to be your own boss? Then starting something of your own is a great option. But before you think about it you need to be sure about your options. Startup is trending more as a fashion than a career option. Being your own boss does not mean you can ignore work and life would be easy. Starting your venture and making it succeed would be the toughest of all the things you can do. It will have ups and downs every new day. Maybe you would not get any client for the whole year. Be ready for the challenges and immense learning if you are determined to be an entrepreneur. This is the road less travelled.

7. Go Abroad
It is also a very good option to explore. If you choose to study abroad, you will get a lot of exposure and learning along with the education part. You might also be able to get a job at international locations if you have plans to settle abroad permanently in the future.
You can also explore integrated opportunities abroad. Along with options of MS you may explore options of MS+PhD and other research oriented courses. In addition, you could look at the various fellowships in research and development category available that may fascinate you too. You can also apply for the various scholarships which will fund your education partially or completely.

8. Join the army
Give a chance to the patriot in you. Joining the Army/Navy/Air Force or any other wing of the defense services can be exciting and high paying at the same time. You can join as technical staff by applying through the University Entry Scheme (UES), which requires you to apply on their respective websites or appear for the AFCAT (Air Force Common Admission Test). You can also apply for flying positions in Indian Air Force by clearing AFCAT.

The times are gone when you tagged defense services with only patriotism. Now you can be utterly professional when opting for defense as a career. These positions will give you an opportunity to live your life for the nation, a life with good facilities and a decent sum to take home as well.


What is best career plan after completing graduation in b.tech (mechanical engineering)?

 Some Courses after Mechanical Engineering:-

1. M.Tech in Mechanical Engineering:The ever-popular advanced course is an M.Tech in Mechanical Engineering. All major institutes such as the IITs, NITs, BITS ,LPU and others offer M.Tech courses in Mechanical Engineering. Admission for M.Tech courses depends either on the bachelor’s degree in (B.E/B.Tech) or on the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE ) score and an interview.The subjects of specialization in the M.Tech courses include Mechanical Engineering Design, Industrial and Production Engineering, Thermal Engineering, Automobile Engineering, etc.

2. Piping Design and Engineering Course:This is an excellent job-oriented course as it makes students industry-ready. It is one of the courses recommended by experts after one completes graduation in Mechanical Engineering. Not all engineering graduates are eligible to take up this course. Piping course has concepts of mechanical engineering included in it, which makes it relevant for a mechanical engineer to study this course as compared to other engineering backgrounds.

3. Master of Engineering in Tool Design: It is a highly lucrative course for graduates in Mechanical Engineering.The long-term courses offered by various institutes are

  • M.E. in CAD/CAM
  • M.E. in Tool Design
  • Post Graduate Course in Tool, Die & Mould Design
  • Post Diploma in Tool Design
  • Advanced Diploma in Tool & Die Making (ADTDM)
  • M. Tech (Mechatronics)

The subjects of specialization are Auto CAD CNC Programming, Application of Hydraulics and Pneumatic s in Tool Design, Uni-graphics (CAD &CAM), CATIA (CAD), ANSYS (CAE), Material Specification and Heat Treatment, Concept of Reverse Engineering, Press Tools, Die Casting Dies, Plastic Moulds, etc.

4. Robotics Course: Another suitable advanced study course for Mechanical Engineering graduates is Robotics. This is the scientific study of the design and manufacturing of robots and a sub-specialization of mechanical engineering. This field of engineering is emerging tremendously, providing lots of career opportunities for the robotic engineers.

5. Mechatronics Course:Another upcoming course for higher studies for mechanical engineers is Mechatronics, a study of science that is a combination of five disciplines: mechanics, informatics, electronics, automation and robotics. For Post Graduate program in mechatronics, a candidate needs to have B.E/B.Tech with specialization in mechanical, electrical engineering, electronics, instrumentation, and telecommunication from any recognized university.

6. Nanotechnology: This is another excellent option for higher study for Mechanical Engineering graduates. It is the study of applied science, engineering and technology.

7. Masters in Business Administration

Last but not the least, a popular course for mechanical engineering graduates is to do a postgraduate diploma program in management or MBA from reputable business schools or institutions. An engineering degree with MBA is very helpful in getting jobs in managerial positions. It offers a wide choice of career options.

Institutions that offer Engineering as well as other courses are:-

BITS Pilani

Delhi College of Engineering

PSG Technology Coimbatore

Lovely Professional University

National Institute of Engineering, Mysore

How can you stop a car if someone cuts the brakes?

 In such a situation you have to use what is known as Engine Braking Technique. Here are simple steps to slow down and stop your car in case of brake failure.

For cars with manual transmission:

Progressively downshift the car into lower gears while keeping your foot off the gas pedal until it slows down to a stop. For example if you are going in 5th gear and you need to slow down the car, then put it in 4th gear, the engine will rev up but it will slow down the car, then put it in 3rd, 2nd and 1st gear.

Once in the first gear, you can pull the hand brake while not pressing the clutch, it will immediately stop the car.

For cars with automatic transmission:

This is a bit tricky based on the type of transmission. So let us start with the following type of gear:

In normal conditions you will be driving in “D”. To get your car into lower gear, lift the foot off the gas pedal and select the “2” position, when the car slows down, select the “L” position until it further slows down, then put it in “N” and pull the hand brake. When the car stops put it in “P”.

If you have following type of transmission:

In this type of transmission you have more control as you can progressively down shift the gears by selecting “-”. It is similar to manually downshifting the gears. Once you have reached the first gear and sufficiently slowed down, put it in “N” and pull the hand brake. When the car stops put it in “P”.

For Electric Cars:

Electric cars have regenerative braking. When foot is lifted from the accelerator, regen braking kicks in which uses the engine braking energy to recharge the batteries. If accelerator is not pressed, the car will eventually come to a stop by itself. In some cars the amount of regen braking force can be adjusted through interactive panel and thus can be used to bring the car to a quick stop.

General Advice:

  1. Always get yourself fully acquainted with the specific features of the car you are driving. This can have a huge impact on how to respond during an emergency.
  2. NEVER EVER turn off your engine when your car is moving. You will loose all control of your car, your steering may lock up and your automatic transmission will be destroyed. This is the stupidest thing you can do to try to stop a car. Although for some old cars, this may actually work, hence the importance of point 1.
  3. Always keep applying the brakes. Even if you feel that brakes have completely failed, usually they have some residual effectiveness. Even small amount of braking capacity means a lot in emergency situation.
  4. Try to drive the car on rough surface e.g. road shoulders or gravel / sand. This will cause the car to slow down very quickly due to high friction.
  5. At speeds less than 40 kph, turn off ABS or skid control if you have the option.
  6. Turn on the hazard lights to warn other drivers of your emergency.
  7. Do not use handbrake when going too fast. You will loose control of your vehicle.
  8. Try to find some open area where you can drive the car around in circles, until it comes to a stop.
  9. On highways look out for “Runaway Truck Ramps”. Climb these to slow down and stop the vehicle.

Thursday, 15 October 2020

10 mechanical engineering blogs to stay up to date

 

1. ME Mechanical

Me mechanical

 

 

 

ME Mechanical is an online portal for mechanical engineers with news, inventions and technological breakthroughs. It has published hundreds of articles on subjects as varied as automotive, physics, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics… Its main goal is to provide knowledge both to students and industry professionals.

2. Gear Technology

Gear technology blog

 

 

Technical magazine specialised in technology and design which focuses on gears. Among its many sections you can find a technical library, a newsletter that is updated every two weeks, or breaking news. Its blog, “Gear talk with Chuck” deals with relevant industry news, tips, practices and theories.

3. Control Design  

Control Design

 

 

Do you develop projects which use motion control systems? Control Design offers you anything from articles on CAD software to PLCs. Stay up to date about the world of sensors, motors and actuator solutions. Don’t miss its technical resources section.

4. Engineers Journal

Engineers Journal

 

 

 

“Engineers journal” is an Irish information portal where you can discover that most important news in the main fields of engineering. Check out its section dedicated to mechanical engineering and discover all kinds of stories and success stories related to this sector.

5. Mechanical Geek

 

 

This is a blog designed for and by students. Its creator, Himesh Darji started this project with the purpose of fostering a reliable and easy to understand flow of information for anyone who, like him, is studying fields related to mechanical engineering.

In summary, the site intends to provide as much useful content as possible to students and professionals who have just started their career. Don’t miss its interesting eBooks and PPTs, always in an informal tone accessible to everyone.

6. Motion Control Tips

Motion Control Tips

 

 

Portal that answers the most common professional questions that any professional in the field of motion control in electromechanical projects may have. Do not miss its FAQs on motors, encoders, gear motors and control software.

7. CLR’s Blog

Blog CLR

 

 

CLR is a leading company in the manufacture of gear motors and ad hoc actuator solutions. With a presence in a wide range of industries which include security, HVAC and automotive, its blog offers knowledge, good practices, answers to frequently asked questions and highly informational content on its specialised field of mechanical engineering: automation and electromechanics.

 

8. Design News  

Design News

 

 

An authentic newsletter dedicated to the fields of industrial automation and motion control. Among its main sections we can find automation, materials and mechatronics. In addition, in the “Continuing Education Center” tab you will be able to receive periodically a 45-minute interactive lecture on specific aspects of all fields of engineering.

 

9. Engineering 360

Engineering 360

 

 

Promoted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Engineering 360 offers updated information about every field of engineering and will allow you to learn more about industries that are most relevant to your business or professional field. You will also find information of interest about upcoming multi-industry events.

Lastly, in the “engineering community” section you will find a forum with significant daily activity where you can carry out networking activities.

10. Machine Design

Machine Design

 

 

 

 

A benchmark for everyone working in the field of machine manufacturing and electromechanical components. Machine Design is an ideal website to get quickly updated on advances and the latest news regarding equipment manufacturers across many industries. The fact that its content team is composed of engineers ensures detailed and accurate technical information across the entire spectrum of major products, markets and technologies for this large audience.


Tuesday, 6 October 2020

Mechanical Engineering Interview Questions Part-12 (Mechanics and Machines)

 Here is another part of mechanical engineering interview questions with answers. This part is arranged with some simple basic questions of mechanics and machine elements. If you have missed the previous parts then check the links below;). Enjoy !!

What is the Kutzbach equation?

Answer: the Kutzbach equation is the determinant of the degree of freedom in linkages.

What are Linkages?

Answer: Linkages of mechanical linkages are assembled bodies which takes force and movement as inputs and outputs a different force/movement.

What are the degrees of freedom in linkages?

Answer: Degrees of Freedom is a term used in mechanics for understanding the configuration of a mechanical system or mechanism by determining its independent parameters.

What are gears? What are the different types of gears?

Mechanical engineering interview questions and answersAnswer: Gears are devices used to transmit rotation, torque, and power between shafts by engaging specially shaped teeth on rotating disks. Different types of gears are –

  • Spur Gears
  • Helical Gears
  • Bevel Gears

How to select a bearing? What are things needed to be considered when designing a bearing?

Answer: Load, Size, Speed, Location, Starting torque, noise, lubrication supply, and cost.

What is the purpose of gear, chain, and belt?

Answer: To transmit power from one shaft to another.

What are seals?

Answer: Seals are the devices used to reduce or eliminate the flow of fluid between two locations.

What are springs?

Answer: Springs are flexible elements used to store energy or to exert force or torque.

What are the different types of springs? What are their applications?

Answer:

Compression Springs. Application: Switches, Automotive suspensions, etc.

Tension Springs Applications: Door Hinges

Torsion Springs. Application: Typical example is mouse trap and hair clips

Constant Force Spring (Clock Spring). Application: Clock mechanisms

Belleville Spring / Belleville Washer / Spring Washer. Application: Nut Bolt tightening operations.

What are bearings? What are the different types of bearing?

Answer: Bearings are the devices made of an assembly of two surfaces that have relative motion.

Different types of bearings are Ball Bearings, Roller Bearings, Ball Thrust Bearing, Roller thrust bearings and Tapper Roller Bearings.